Notes of class 8th Civics chapter 3

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Chapter 3: Parliament and the Making of Laws

1. What is Parliament?

  • The Parliament is the supreme legislative body in a country.
  • It is responsible for making laws, debating important issues, and representing the citizens.

2. Structure of Parliament

  • Bicameral System: In India, Parliament consists of two houses:
    • Lok Sabha (House of the People): Members are directly elected by the public. It has more power in financial matters.
    • Rajya Sabha (Council of States): Members are elected by the state legislatures and the President. It represents the states.

3. Functions of Parliament

  • Legislation: Formulating and passing laws.
  • Representation: Representing the interests and concerns of the public.
  • Oversight: Monitoring the work of the government and holding it accountable.
  • Budget Approval: Approving government budgets and expenditure.

4. Making a Law: The Legislative Process

  • Drafting a Bill: Proposed law is drafted and presented in either house.
  • First Reading: The bill is introduced; members get a copy for review.
  • Second Reading: Detailed discussion and debate on the bill.
  • Committee Stage: Bill is sent to a committee for in-depth examination and suggestions.
  • Report Stage: Committee reports back with recommendations; further discussion occurs.
  • Third Reading: Final discussion and voting on the bill.
  • Rajya Sabha Approval: If passed, the bill moves to the Rajya Sabha for approval.
  • Presidential Assent: Once both houses approve, the bill is sent to the President for final approval.

5. Types of Bills

  • Ordinary Bill: Can be introduced in either house; requires majority in both.
  • Money Bill: Can only be introduced in Lok Sabha; relates to taxation or expenditure.
  • Constitutional Amendment Bill: Requires special majority; amends the Constitution.

6. Role of Members of Parliament (MPs)

  • MPs represent the interests of their constituents.
  • They participate in debates, propose legislation, and serve on committees.

7. Importance of Parliament

  • Ensures democracy by representing the people.
  • Provides a platform for debate and discussion on national issues.
  • Holds the government accountable for its actions.

Conclusion

Parliament plays a crucial role in the functioning of a democratic government. It is responsible for making laws that affect the lives of citizens and ensuring that the government remains accountable to the people.

This all information is taken from AI.

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